The Role And Importance Of Palliative Care Nursing Essay

The Role And Importance Of Palliative Care Nursing Essay When the patient has serious illness like cancer and came to the hospital and complaining from pain, anorexia and fatigue at this time what can he is suppose to do? The answer of this question is in the definition of palliative care. What is palliative care? Palliative care according to (World Health Organization [WHO], 2010) it is a medical profession stand up to helps the patients and families to come over the pain and other problems like physical, psychosocial and spiritual with life-threatening illness. This can be done by the prevention and relief of suffering and early assessment and treatment of pain. Palliative care according to (Get palliativecare.org, 2010) is provided by a team of professionals working together with your primary doctor. It is appropriate at any point in a serious illness and can be provided at the same time as treatment that is meant to cure. Moreover, patient in the end of life can face and experience a host of distressing symptoms such as pain, dyspnea, and delirium are reported to be among the most feared and burdensome. Also, pain can be influenced by many factors, including the patients prior experience with pain, meaning given to pain, emotional stresses, family, and culture influences (Mcphee papadakis, 2009). (Mcphee papadakis ,2009,p.70) stated that the common problem for patients at the end of life up to 75% of patients dying of cancer is the pain and it is what people say they fear most about dying. Therefore, nurses must be aware about the barriers to good care ,which including the lack of knowledge about the proper selection and dosing of analgesic medication ,limited training and clinical experience with pain management, addiction which can occurs if the patient and caregivers misused the medicines (Mcphee papadakis, 2009). In addition, there are 20 reasons can make the palliative care difficult to the nurses (Becker, 2010). I am going to mention some reasons; Shortage of staff. Shortage of nursing staff is one of the reasons which can make the palliative care difficult. In my experience in the hospital where I was working the staff nurses are in limited numbers , especially in the word the staff nurse can handle 9-12 patients some of these patients are having cancers and some time one staff nurse for 6 rooms each room has 5-7 patients!. Cancers patients cannot bear the pain and the staff nurse wants to do other work like inserting intravenous fluid for diabetic patient with hypoglycemia, so how the nurse can concentrate in doing that? Here the staff has to prioritize her work, some staff nurses finding difficulty to do that. Therefore the hospitals administration has to find and create a policy change in response to the nursing shortage as supported by Twigg , Duffield , Thompson Rapley (2010). In addition to that, as Abrahm(2010) stated that due to shortage of staff palliative care in oncologists, intensivists, advanced cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and hepatic diseases needs to be improved. Lack of knowledge of some medications and symptoms control. There were 146 surveys distributed to care providers from multiple settings. Out 135 0f 146 reported that there are several problems can make the palliative care difficult like poor pain and symptoms control, lack of education for care providers as stated by Sellick , Charles , Dagsvik , Kelley (1996) The availability of clear polices in dealing with death issues. In my experience only in some hospitals we can find clear polices in dealing with death issues especially brain death , this matter can involve many elements like; patient himself if he/she recommended before death if his/her brain died the caregiver can remove the supporting equipments, family according to the religion. So the staff nurse must be a wear about many religions. In understanding of the reasons and finding solutions to make the difficulties easier to the nurses can make too much improvement in quality of life. Quality of life can be affected by the level of education in heart failure patients. Patients with high education level often can improve more than low education level which usually reported to care givers in bad physical and functional condition as supported by Barbareschi, Sanderman, Leegte, van Veldhuisen Jaarsma (2011). In addition, there are two factors are related to quality of life in heart failure patients, demographic and clinical. Also physical excises one of the main elements of disease management program. (Jaarsma, Johansson, Agren , Strà ¶mberg ,2010) I want to stress in one point from my experience I did not see patient with heart failure has been cured totally from the disease, so I think the palliative care can play role to help this patient to enhance his quality of life. For example, one of the patients I was taking care of him he told me I am useless now! So for this type of patients I have to help him to move this idea from his mind, and let him to understand that the life did not end yet and we are finding developments in medical field, and give him task and encourage him to do it, after of compilation I have to enhance the feeling which he can feel it and let him to understand that he is worthfull and useful. Since I chose the heart failure I want to mention how the staff nurse can manage the pain in this case, which include: Pharmacologic treatment: like angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ÃŽÂ ²-blockers, diuretics, and possibly aldosterone antagonists and angiotensin receptor blockers (Lewis, Heitkemper, Dirksen, OBrien Bucher, 2007). Diet and body weight: the recommended diet for these patients is low sodium diet to reduce body edema; recording upon admission body weight can detect the body weight if increased or no (Lewis et al., 2007). Behavioral and lifestyle management: exercise/physical activity: as stated by Benetti, Araujo, Santos (2010) exercises can improve the quality of life for heart failure. Therefore, the nurses must promote home and community-based care by taking the responsibility and contribute in education of patient and involve him to implement the therapeutic procedure to improve the quality of life. Teaching the patients and family how the progression of the disease is influenced by compliance with the treatment plan (Johnson, 2008, p.428). One of the most important points in improving quality of life as human being in my point of view is being opened to others .By this way the person can share others experience which can teach him/her something can change or improve the quality of life. In addition to that some patients need spiritual support which can make the life of some patients running in smooth way as supported by Hegarty , Abernethy , Olver Currow (2011). Also, the quality of life can enhanced by the disable patients rehabilitation. As will as, mixing patients with disabilities in right and balance way can improve the quality life as supported by (Fadyl, McPherson Kayes, 2011). So how the caregivers can measure the quality of life? The relationship among patients and families with caregivers can detect the quality of life as Hasson-Ohayon, Roe, Kravetz, Levy-Frank Meir (2011) stated in their article. And, in my opinion quality of life is not easy to measure it because different criteria. The quality of life can make the measurement is so complicated, but generally speaking the improvement of individual health can indicate in quality of life. Conclusion: The palliative care profession is can plays important role in professional healths fields by helping the patients and families to understand the serious illness and how to manage and improve the quality of life .By educating the nursing staff and they must be in university level in both arts and sciences (McEwen willss, 2007). As deeply supported by Henderson theory which stressing on the important of education for the nurses. In addition to that the caregiver should try their best to improve the quality of life which can lead to improve the palliative care, by understanding each individual is unique in many aspects and trying to deal differently accordingly. The hospitals managers should understand the teamworks conflict and create polices to solve the shortage of nursing staff can enhance the palliative care to reach to optimal quality of patients life.

All About Eve :: essays research papers

All About Eve   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eve is a character which represents personal ambition and manipulation. The character is a person who is willing to do anything necessary to get what she wants and has, apparently, no remorse or feelings of guilt for her actions. Watching this movie I saw that All About Eve was also all about me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In watching this movie I personally saw Eve of a sort of mirror to my own manipulative tendencies. As I watched how carefully the character chose her words, and moved in a certain way in order to obtain precisely the reaction desired for those around her. I thought of how often I have done the same things myself. I thought of how often I have carefully selected what I told others about me in order to create a certain desired image of myself. It made me conscience of the fact that I have, on countless occasions manipulated people for my own benefit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It drew my thoughts back in a tour of my past and brought forth a multi-tude of times in which I behaved much as the character Eve did. I remember acting in such a way even when I was as young as six. Until I watched this movie I had never consciously realized that I do these things to get what I want. But now, after observing such a wonderfully carried out portal of someone else discreetly controlling others, I realize that I do this quite naturally as a part of my everyday life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I see it the character of Eve represents myself and the dangers of what I could become if I should permit myself to continue these practices. I believe that the character of Eve is intended to show viewers of the audience, who re-semble her, a mirror of themselves, so they can see how they look from the out-side. It is advantageous to do this through the medium of a film because it al-lows the viewer to see the point from a more objective view then may be pro-vided through other means. I think that this movie is one which will have a ex-tremely powerful effect on such people. It made me realize that this way of con-trolling others is not a natural part of life in general though it has become a natural part of my life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eve represents, to me, what I could become.

A study on the methods of Teaching

Albert Einstein one time said: â€Å" It is the supreme art of the instructor to rouse joy in originative look and cognition. † Indeed, being a instructor is really ambitious. Teaching, as a profession, it is both a scientific discipline and an art. It is a scientific discipline because you have to do certain that the methods and contents used are all backed by sound scientific research. It is besides an art because you have to excite and be originative in act uponing your pupils to larn. As a instructor, my chief aim is to help the pupils be taught and develop while fostering their ain â€Å" creativeness and wonder † ( Sliva, 2004 ) .A By learning the pupils the conventional course of study in a non-traditional, I want to give them the inspiration to larn, open up their heads to fresh thoughts, and allow them detect these thoughts on their ain. Harmonizing to Highland Council Education, Culture and Sport Service ( 2010 ) , instructors are indispensable and do a differentiation. The value of instruction is a of import factor in promoting efficient larning in schools. Successful instruction entails individuals who are academically capable and who be concerned sing the wellbeing of kids and young person. Educational psychologist Albert Bandura emphasized societal cognitive theory as a extremely important combination of behavioural, cognitive and social factors where the procedure of experimental cognition in which a scholar ‘s actions alterations as a consequence of detecting others ‘ workss and its costs ( Schunk & A ; Hanson, 1985 ) . I think a schoolroom like this will advance a kid ‘s capacity to be inventive, self motivated, and to detect societal accomplishments that are of import in the existent universe. To congratulate this doctrine, the deliberate usage of hand clapping and wagess to update pupils on their public presentation instead than as a step of commanding pupil actions is a really good wages system in learning. In order to exert wagess to edify pupils about their workss, instructors must emphasize the worth of the actions that is rewarded and besides clear up to pupils the definite skills they established to have the wages. Teachers ought to besides back up â€Å" student coaction in choosing wagess and specifying appropriate behaviours that will gain wagess † ( Bear, 2005 ) . An experiment by Schunk and Hanson, that considered grade 2 pupils who had beforehand encountered problem in larning minus, point up the manner of research inspired by societal larning theory. Students who observed equal illustrations scored better on a minus post-test and besides accounted greater confidence in their minus accomplishment. The result were translated as behind the hypothesis that supposed similitude of the theoretical account to the scholar raises self-efficacy, taking to added helpful acquisition of sculptural public presentation. It is thought that equal mold is largely utile for pupils who have dwindling self-efficacy. I consider that each instruction doctrine has its first-class characteristic and associating all doctrines will be most valuable for my scholars and for my schoolroom. However, I think that utilizing a blend of the Social Reconstructionism and Essentialism doctrines will be the most impartial attack to use in my schoolroom. One may inquire how it is assuring to use Essentialism and Social Reconstrutionism, but I have faith in the major end of Essentialism are of import to planing a composed schoolroom. Through existent experience or a simulation, instructors who use Social Reconstructionism challenge their pupils to believe and feel-and to get strong moral values. Through a talk and presentation, instructors who use the Essentialist attack focal point on giving their pupils a sound apprehension of basicss despite of the assorted background factors of the pupils. These factors comprise the scholar ‘s developmental status, the sensed stature and ability of the theoretical account, the effects received by the illustration, the significance of the theoretical account ‘s public presentation and effects to the scholar ‘s nonsubjective, and the scholar ‘s self-efficacy. I do besides see that it is important for pupils to detect the necessities of instruction. If the rudimentss of acquisition ( reading, authorship, and arithmetic ) are taught in a agency that incorporates the attacks of Social Reconstrucionism, pupils will be more likely to do a relationship with what they learned. If pupils retain information and do a association with what they learn they will be more able to tackle it and use it in existent life fortunes. As a instructor, I will advance pupil part in the class of job resolution, asking, argument and â€Å" bombilation group † events. I will besides be treat all students ‘ questions candidly and make non scare or laugh at. Questioning, observation and hearing in will be used as regular informal appraisal schemes. Since persons understand at different rates and in different ways, a mixture of activities, undertakings, and gaits of work will be emphasized. The usage of interruptions and activities to link students ‘ thought and concentration will be fostered by turning to reading and research for new penetrations and linking these to their schoolroom and school and if possible, to their ain lives. It is besides my rule that the schoolroom should be taught environing the pupil, non the educator.A Inquisitive pupils should be responded and their inquiries explored.A Teachers can originate by learning the critical information and can let pupils minds develop in other trend.A Students will be more overzealous about topics they benefit from ; therefore pupil ‘s mentality and public assistance in the capable affair should be one of the highest chief concerns in a schoolroom. In my head, the bottom line is it is of import for pupils to larn and turn. If it means I need to alter the manner I teach every twelvemonth and work really hard at it, so that is what I will make. I feel it is necessary for instructors to non acquire caught in a rut. Teachers need to seek new things and research new possibilities by supplying scholars with apprehensible undertakings, ends, and conditions so update them of development because a cardinal proficiency in instruction is the capacity to edify and exemplify things clearly. I will besides stress and promote my students to reflect, to do connexions, to pattern and strengthen, to larn from other scholars and to see that if they make mistakes, they will non be derided or treated depressingly. On the other manus, it is besides important to use preventive attacks to classroom supervising that engages in making a optimistic schoolroom individuality with shared fear affecting instructor and pupil. Teachers with the preventive attack present heat, acknowledgment, and assistance unconditionally. â€Å" Fair regulations and effects are established † and pupils are given regular and changeless advice about their actions ( Bear, 2008 ) . The most influential individual facet that improves success is feedback – optimistic, constructive, clearly targeted. Effective instructors make ground and content clear, program carefully, utilize organized appraisal and response, make associations, support kids to believe about thought and be theoretical accounts what they want the kids to make, merely as William Arthur Ward says: â€Å" The mediocre instructor Tells. The good instructor explains. The superior instructor demonstrates. The great instructor inspires. † Bear, G, Cavalier, A, & A ; Manning, M. ( 2005 ) . â€Å" Developing self-discipline and preventing and rectifying misbehaviour. † Allyn & A ; Bacon. Bear, G. ( 2008 ) . â€Å" Best patterns in schoolroom subject. † Bethesda, MD. National Association of School Psychologists Schunk, D. H. , & A ; Hanson, A. R. ( 1985 ) . Peer theoretical accounts: Influence on kids ‘s self-efficacy and achievement behaviour. Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 313-322. Zimmerman, B. J. ( 1998 ) . â€Å" Developing self-fulfilling rhythms of academic ordinance: An analysis of model instructional theoretical accounts. † From learning to self-reflective pattern ( pp. 1-19 ) . New York: Guilford. Hattie, J. , Biggs, J. , & A ; Purdie, N. ( 1996 ) . Effectss of larning accomplishments intercessions on pupil acquisition: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66, 99-136. Sliva, K. ( 2004 ) . â€Å" Teaching Doctrine. † Accessed on December 20, 2010 at hypertext transfer protocol: //csmstu01.csm.edu/students/ksliva/Philosophy/Philosophy.htm Highland Council Education, Culture and Sport Service ( 2010 ) . â€Å" Learning and Teaching should be Inclusive and Enjoyable: What makes a good instructor? † Accessed on December 20, 2010 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.highlandschools-virtualib.org.uk/ltt/inclusive_enjoyable/teacher.htm

Identifying the Most Diverse Universities in America

Identifying the Most Diverse Universities in America The demographics of America are changing rapidly. Students who attend college today and then join the workforce will face the most diverse population of workers in all fields race, ethnicity, religion, and gender preference. If sensitivity and appreciation for these diverse populations is not developed in college, it will be very difficult for white Caucasian students to enter the adult world of work fully prepared. For this reason, it might be wise for white students to consider diversity in universities when they look to select the institutions they might wish to attend. Two sources are generally used to compile very complete profiles of diversity on college campuses the Shannon-Weiner Index and the National Center for Education Statistics. Based upon the reports of these two sources, here is a listing of the 8 most diverse universities in America. Rutgers University Newark, NJ Rutgers is proud of its diversity, and openly recruits student of all racial and ethnic backgrounds. More than half of its student body is non-white, and the three largest racial groups are white, Asian and Hispanic. In addition to a rigorous academic curriculum, the school sponsors regular programs and events to celebrate diversity, and also offers degree in minority studies Jewish, African-American, Asian, Middle-Eastern, and Hispanic. Rutgers is now the most diverse university in the country. Stanford University, Stanford, CA Stanford is known for its push to create one of the most diverse universities in the U.S., and it has been fully successful in doing so. To promote awareness and relationships among all of these diverse it offers a number of student groups and organizations that blend members of all racial and ethnic backgrounds. Even the residence halls are centered on themes that will bring greater diversity humanities, the arts, biology, language and cultures, and global citizenship. Notre Dame De Namur, Belmont, CA This private Catholic university puts its money where its mouth is. Not only does it openly recruit significant minority groups, it also requires that all student take 9 credit hours from a curriculum in cultural diversity but requires community service work in local minority communities. Not only is this school on of the most diverse universities, its graduate have supreme exposure in real world settings. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI The majority of minority populations at this university are Asian, Pacific-Islander, native Hawaiians, and the LGBT community. It promotes cultural awareness by many campus-wide organizations, and support organizations for a number of specific groups East Indians, LGBT students, and Vietnamese, to name a few. While its African-American and Latino populations are small, so is its white population. Only 19% of the student body is Caucasian. Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 58% of the student population in this school is non-white, and 1/3 of the student body is first-generation college-enrolled. Clubs and organizations support all minority groups, and instructors are employed from as diverse backgrounds as can be found. College of Mount St. Vincent, Bronx, NY This college has an amazing record, specifically with academic performance and graduation rates of its 1/3 Hispanic population and a heft African-American population as well. In 2010, it had the highest percentage of Hispanic STEM graduates of any school in the country. Among its population of first-generation, 67% graduate also a significantly higher number than other schools. Its record earns it 6th place among the most diverse colleges in the U.S. Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI Only 1/3 of the student population at this Seventh - Day Adventist College is white. The two other largest minority groups are African-American and Hispanic. There are cultural identity celebrations that last for as long as a month at a time throughout the year. University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA This school openly recruits minorities, specifically among African-American, Hispanic, Asian, Muslim, and LGBT communities, offering scholarships and many other benefits. Coursework in interdisciplinary studies focus on the history, culture and arts of all minorities groups on its campus. These then are the 8 most diverse colleges and universities in the U.S. They are followed by other schools in California, New York, New Jersey, and Maine. From the list of the top 50, there is not one Midwestern university and only one from the South, in Virginia. Two of the top 50 are in Texas. The list is interesting because it also point to the fact that the least diverse universities are clustered in very specific geographical areas.

Sulfuric Acid and Sugar Chemistry Demonstration

Sulfuric Acid and Sugar Chemistry Demonstration One of the most spectacular chemistry demonstrations is also one of the simplest. Its the dehydration of sugar (sucrose) with sulfuric acid. Basically, all you do to perform this demonstration is put ordinary table sugar in a glass beaker and stir in some concentrated sulfuric acid (you can dampen the sugar with a small volume of water before adding the sulfuric acid). The sulfuric acid removes water from the sugar in a highly exothermic reaction, releasing heat, steam, and sulfur oxide fumes. Aside from the sulfurous odor, the reaction smells a lot like caramel. The white sugar turns into a black carbonized tube that pushes itself out of the beaker. Chemistry Demonstration Sugar is a carbohydrate, so when you remove the water from the molecule, youre basically left with elemental carbon. The dehydration reaction is a type of elimination reaction. C12H22O11 (sugar) H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) → 12 C (carbon) 11 H2O (water) mixture water and acid Although the sugar is dehydrated, the water isnt lost in the reaction. Some of it remains as a liquid in the acid. Since the reaction is exothermic, much of the water is boiled off as steam. Safety Precautions If you do this demonstration, use proper safety precautions. Whenever you deal with concentrated sulfuric acid, you should wear gloves, eye protection, and a lab coat. Consider the beaker a loss, since scraping burnt sugar and carbon off of it isnt an easy task. Its preferable to perform the demonstration inside of a fume hood.

The Liberal Tradition in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Liberal Tradition in America - Essay Example The Liberal Tradition in America (p. 20). America did not have a "genuine revolutionary tradition" and a "tradition of reaction† and had only â€Å"a kind of self-completing mechanism, which insures the universality of the liberal idea†. In order for American to hold this broad liberal tradition, Hartz said that, we must look for comparisons between America and Europe so that we can see the absence of conservatism and socialism and the presence of "moral unanimity" forced by "this fixed, dogmatic liberalism of a liberal way of life." Louis Hartz. The Liberal Tradition in America (pp. 5-6). In addition, presence of red scares is shown by the â€Å"deep and unwritten tyrannical compulsion" of American liberalism "transforms eccentricity into sin†, according to Louis Hartz. The Liberal Tradition in America (pp. 9-12). In conclusion, "the master assumption of American political thought" is "the reality of atomistic social freedom. It is instinctive in the American min d." Hartz the Liberal Tradition in America (p. 62).He also said that Americans’ had mutual commitment to "Lockian" liberalism. These enable them to keep away from upheavals at a price of enforcing agreement. Louis used â€Å"Locke† to mean self-interested, behaviors of liberal capitalism and profit-maximizing values. This opposed the revolutionary democratic dedication of Marxian socialist and Jacobins. Moreover, it was against the traditional morals of church elites and aristocrats of the ancient regime in Europe. Regrettably, Hartz never stop to explain what he knew about feudalism or liberalism or what he meant by Locke, therefore, the meaning of his words remain unclear, and his claims are uncertain. However, he focused on issues that played a vital role in religion, democracy, race, gender, and ethnicity in American history. (Hartz 1948) A social theory that talks about a particular economic system or political system as a fair system is a consensus theory. It con tracts with conflict theory, which says that any social change is achieved through conflict. Hartz is as a consensus theorist, for a simple reason: First, Hartz came up with the most daring and a theory complete argument for a consensus in any political tradition. In his book The Liberal Tradition in America, first, Harzt compares Europe and United States to justify much of harmony portrait of America. He is preoccupied with socialism through his work. He said that the French and American had very different revolutions .in France, there was a hugely complex social system, divided by internal separations caused by growing middle class challenging the lost of agrarian , feudal system. Kings were using bureaucrats to control the authority of nobles; therefore, monarchs became unfriendly to "the very system of society of which they were the traditional apex†, according to Harzt book The Liberal Tradition in America. In addition, in England like in France, there were independent ar tisans who were undermined by the spread of merchant capitalism. This lessened nobility in England because British aristocracy had the ability to take the wealthy bourgeoisie. However, America lacked a feudal heritage, as in the case of France and Britain. There was no aristocracy between the merchants, and nobody objected creation of permanent laborers. As a result, the American scene did not have the hostility marked by French and English. Relationship between consensus theory and â€Å"

Psychology - Community service Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology - Community service - Research Paper Example After a lengthy interview with the agency’s Deputy Director, I found out just how much of a toll order it is to keep these agencies running. They face numerous day to day challenges. It takes nerves of steel to keep these agencies ablaze. The Ray of Hope Agency takes care of the entire Village. It serves a population of about 4500 people. It has majorly employed people from the local area. There are however experts employed from all around the country who take care of the more sophisticated aspects. The agency has employed people from all walks of life, ranging from cleaners to cooks to mentors to psychologists and managers. Applicant employees are thoroughly vetted before being employed. Being a church based agency, Ray of Hope insists that its employees be God fearing. Employment is purely based on merit and dedication to Christianity. The agency has local agents who identify the Middle School Students who are most inclined towards dropping out of school and those who have recently dropped out and have not been subjected to the rigorous process of the agency. Once identified, the students are approached by a set of qualified psychologists who talk them into participating in the agency’s process. The students are then officially enrolled into the agency. A team of staff members is set out to investigate each student’s background and approach his or her parents or guardians. The team comes up with a report that explains the possible reasons for the students apparent drop out from school or inclination towards it. The students are then each counseled appropriately by experts. They are made to watch movies that touch on real life scenarios and the importance of education. The values of education are thoroughly highlighted and brainwashed into the student’s minds. They are kept free from demeaning peer pressure and bad habits like drug abuse and sexual encounters. They are convinced to enroll back in school. Working with their